Tuberculosis (TB), once on a steady decline, is experiencing a concerning resurgence both in the United States and globally. In 2023, the U.S. reported over 9,600 TB cases—the highest in a decade—marking a 16% increase from the previous year.
apnews.com Globally, TB has reclaimed its position as the leading infectious cause of death, surpassing even COVID-19, with 1.25 million fatalities in 2023.
A notable outbreak in Kansas City, Kansas, and its surrounding counties began in January 2024 and continues as of March 2025. This outbreak has affected 147 individuals, with 67 developing active TB and 80 identified with latent infections.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted TB control efforts. Lockdowns and healthcare system strains led to reduced access to TB diagnosis and treatment services, contributing to a 4.6% global increase in cases from 2020 to 2023. In the U.S., TB cases rose by over 15% from 2022 to 2023.
Historically, TB has been a formidable adversary. Evidence of the disease dates back 9,000 years, and it was once known as the “white plague” due to its high mortality rate. The causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was identified in 1882 by Robert Koch.
Transmission occurs through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. An untreated individual can infect 10 to 15 others. Treatment involves a multi-drug regimen over at least six months, but drug-resistant strains pose significant challenges.
The resurgence of TB underscores the need for renewed public health efforts, including education, early detection, and consistent treatment, to combat this ancient yet persistent disease.
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